Book Value of Shares

Buy shares of a growing companies at its book value and see your profit soaring in years to come

What is the value of an Investment?

One shall read balance sheet of a company to know the value of their investments. Value of investment means the work of the own funds of the company. Own funds are the money put in the company by its shareholders (by buying its shares).

How Book Value of a company is important to know the value of an investment?
To know the value of the investments, we shall study the book value of a company. Book value is the value of own funds of a company per share. To calculate the book value one shall divide the net worth (value of own funds) of a company by the number of shares in the market.

What is a Book Value of a share?
The book value of a company tells us what the each share of a company is worth. Means if you bought a share at Rs10, and its book value is Rs11, means you must buy that share. Also, assume that a company in its IPO offered shares at par of Rs 10 per share, and the present book value is Rs 24 per share, it means that the investment by the shareholders has appreciated by Rs 14 per share.

Book Value: How Investors can use it for investing?
We believe Book Valve and Price to Book Value Ratio is one best starting point of fundamental analysis of shares.

Accumulated assets of companies which includes short term assets, long term assets, inventory, investments etc. Good examples of assets are like Real Estate, Manufacturing Equipments (minus depreciation), Finished Good Investory, Raw Materials, other investory (like spares etc), share holdings of other companies, bonds etc. Ideally speaking any thing of value which can be sold at later date (if point of liquidation is reached) which included everything right down to a piece of pen shall contribute to the calculation of book value.

Value of total assets divided by total number of shares outstanding in the market gives the most usable figure for the investors called as book value per share. This book value per share can be compared with market price of shares for the purpose of fundamental analysis of shares.

Market Price of share divided by book value per share is a very useful ratio for the investors (P/B). If this ratio has value less then one it means that the share is currently tarded in the market at price lower than the book value. It means that the share is undervalued. But it is also important for investors to analyze that why market price of share is traded at value less than book value per share.

Either stock market is falling due to global slowdown, or a particular sector in consideration is not doing well, or the company is facing bankruptcy. But another probability is that the company is publishing wrong book value figures to confuse and mislead the investors. This type of situation is very much possible unless otherwise why value investors (who always has great eye for undervalued share) will not have already started buying that share and push the prices close to book value or higher.

How book value of a share is related to its market value?
If all investors become financially intelligent, no one will buy a share at a price more than its book value. Means is book value will show that the share of a company is worth Rs100, no body will buy it at Rs.150. In other words the market value of share will be equal to the book value. But, if a company is doing hard for modernization and expansion of its business, it indicates that the turnover and profit of this company is going to improve in future.

Then the investors gambles with an expectation of future benefits. In this case investors may agree to buy shares by paying more than its book value. Therefore, it is possible for the market price to be more than the book value if investors think that the company has growth potential and they have confidence that the company is likely to perform better than it is doing at present.

How can the Book Value of company guide us in buying a share?
Some times the book value of a company exceeds its market value. A company which is performing reasonably it will have a good book value. It may be because of the global meltdown, lower market demands, low market capitalization and reach, or fierce competition, the investors may have ignored this share. This will lead to a lower market value than its book value. Such shares will be a very good buy for future gains.

List of book value of shares of top 100 stocks of India

SL	Name	Book Value As on Feb’11
1	OIL AND NATURAL GAS CORP.	102.02
2	Reliance Industries Limited	392.21
3	State Bank of India	1038.57
4	NTPC Limited	77.28
5	Bharti Airtel Limited	96.24
6	STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA	80.66
7	Infosys Technologies Limited	383.82
8	Tata Steel Limited	412.14
9	Reliance Communications Ltd.	244.66
10	Tata Consultancy Services Limited	72.72
11	NMDC Limited	36.00
12	ICICI Bank Limited	448.62
13	Larsen & Toubro Limited	300.5
14	ITC Limited	18.14
15	BHEL	325.16
16	PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK	514.17
17	Bank of India	242.41
18	Wipro Limited	70.97
19	Indian Oil Corporation Limited	208.21
20	GAIL (India) Limited	132.43
21	Hindustan Zinc Limited	42.89
22	Hindustan Unilever Limited	11.84
23	Housing Development Finance Corporation	103.7
24	HDFC Bank Limited	463.66
25	Hindalco Industries Limited	145.78
26	Bank of Baroda	413.27
27	Canara Bank	305.83
28	Power Finance Corporation Limited	108.00
29	Sesa Goa Limited	83.88
30	Axis Bank Ltd.	391.2
31	Union Bank of India	174.37
32	Satyam Computer Services Limited	63.41
33	Power Grid Corporation of India Limited	35.00
34	Grasim Industries Limited	778.18
35	DLF Limited	75.58
36	Jindal Steel & Power Limited	72.21
37	Ambuja Cements Ltd.	47.9
38	Great Eastern Shipping Company Limited	323.61
39	Indian Overseas Bank	109.06
40	Hero Honda Motors Limited	173.52
41	National Aluminium Company Limited	151.63
42	RECLTD	72.09
43	Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited	55.22
44	Indian Bank	127.52
45	Sterlite Industries India Limited	66.15
46	Maruti Suzuki India Ltd	409.64
47	ACC Limited	320.11
48	Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals Ltd.	26.93
49	Reliance Infrastructure Ltd	527.18
50	NHPC Limited	18.92
51	Idea Cellular Limited	34.56
52	Tata Motors Limited	237.37
53	HCL Technologies Limited	72.06
54	Tech Mahindra Limited	153.82
55	Videocon Industries Ltd.	294.25
56	UltraTech Cement Ltd.	173.56
57	Reliance Capital Limited	282.7
58	Oscar Investments Ltd.	747.8
59	The Shipping Corporation of India Ltd.	146.61
60	Tata Power Company Limited	443.83
61	Syndicate Bank Ltd.	88.03
62	Oriental Bank of Commerce	257.54
63	Jaiprakash Associates Limited	38.55
64	IDBI Bank Limited	86.2
65	Mahindra & Mahindra Limited	93.61
66	Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited	61.54
67	Corporation Bank	341.36
68	Container Corporation of India Limited	331.61
69	Cipla Limited	73.55
70	Allahabad Bank	131
71	HOUSING DEV & INFRA LTD	131.22
72	Bharat Electronics Limited	543.21
73	Unitech Limited	12.61
74	Infrastructure Development Finance Co.	64.89
75	Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd	361.97
76	Oracle Financial Services Software Ltd.	497.12
77	EID Parry (India) Limited	111.58
78	IFCI Limited	37.99
79	Bajaj Auto Limited.	101.2
80	Andhra Bank	75.2
81	Bosch Limited	1351.68
82	Shriram Transport Finance Company Ltd.	169.59
83	State Bank Of Travancore	449.98
84	Siemens Limited	103.11
85	Indiabulls Financial Services Limited	105.88
86	Shree Cement Limited	347.33
87	GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Limited	227.95
88	Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited	316.87
89	Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Limited	349.52
90	UCO Bank Limited	50.88
91	ABB Limited (India)	116.7
92	Nestle India Limited	145.2
93	LIC Housing Finance Limited	236.8
94	Petronet LNG Ltd.	26.45
95	Tata Communications Limited	238.53
96	The Federal Bank Limited	252.7
97	Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals	242.36
98	Coromadel International Limited	80.36
99	Mundra Port And Special Eco Zone Ltd.	17.4
100	C E S C Limited	231.98
101	Omax Autos Limited	68.08
102	Amtek Auto Limited.	162.91

Book value can sometimes may not be exact reflective of all assets

Suppose you as an individual has taken a home loan. Against this loan you have key your existing property as a security. In case of your going bankrupt bank will cease this propoerty of yours. In the same way companies also take business loans from banks.

If the credit rating of company is not good then they keep their existing assets as guarantee and then take a loan. If the company goes bankrupt then bank will cease the guaranteed asset. While calculating the book value of company such information remains hidden, but company will declare these informations in finer footer notes.

There are few good companies are eligible for strong book value considerations while buying their shares. These companies has strong prospects of future book value appreciations.

(1) Big Blue Chip companies that has their own real estate property (in large numbers) to run its operations. Over a period of time the valuations of the real estate is only going to go up irrespective of the depreciatio effect. Take example of Mcdonalds whose business though is selling foods/ snacks but the volume of real estate property it own across the world is outstanding.

(2) The companies which has operations in other countries also has prospects of increasing the valuations of book value over time. The growth prospects may be better in other operating countries.

Generally in case of companies (like Mcdonalds) that holds great real estates in various companies do not have this advantage reflected in their book value. Because the present market valuation of the property cannot be reflected in the book value recorded in balance sheet. So investors solely relying on book value shall see that what real estate the company holds to get a feeling.

How you can easily calculate Book Value of Shares
Book Value = Equity Share Capital + Retained Earnings

Equity Share Capital = This value is very clearly mentioned in the Balance Sheet
Retained Earnings = The retained earnings (cumulative) is also clearly mentioned in the balance sheet

Lets Take Example of Reliance Communication (RCOM)
Equity Share Capital (as on Mar’11) = Rs 1032 Cr.
Retained Earnings/ Reserves = Rs 49,466 Cr.

Book Value = Rs 1032 + Rs 49,466 = Rs 50,498 Cr.
No of Shares Outstanding = 206 Cr. Nos
Book Value per share = Rs 245 per share